Crop Protection & Environmental Biology

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Author: search.filters.author.Fayinminnu, O. O.Subject: search.filters.subject.Amaranthus cruentus

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    Lead and Cadmium Bioaccumulation in Amaranthus cruentus L. and its Health Implication.
    (2018) Adekunle, S. T.; Oloruntoba, E. O.; Fayinminnu, O. O.; Fakunle, A. G.
    Lead and Cadmium are among the major toxic heavy metal contaminants found in anthropogenic soil. However, there has been a growing concern on human health risk from these metals bioaccumulation in vegetables grown on such contaminated soils. This study investigated lead and cadmium bioaccumulation in Amaranthus cruentus and the implications on human health. Pot culture experiments were carried out in which A. cruentus plants were grown in soil contaminated with varying concentrations of lead and cadmium salts (100 mgPb/kg+10 mgCd/kg, 200 mgPb/kg+20 mgCd/kg, and 400 mgPb/kg+40 mgCd/kg). Plants in the control soil were grown without the heavy metals salts. Plant growth was observed under greenhouse conditions and plants were harvested after five and ten weeks. The concentrations of lead and cadmium in the plant tissues were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. Throughout the experiment, no visible symptom of metal toxicity was observed on any plant. The concentrations of lead measured in plant shoot across the groups ranged from 11.5 to 135.7 and 30.5 to 200.5 mg/kg while that of cadmium ranged from 0.1 to 133.1 and 0.5 to 166.7 mg/kg at five and ten weeks, respectively. Lead and cadmium bioaccumulation in the plant increased significantly with increasing levels of soil contamination, and the values were far above FAO/WHO recommended safe limits of 0.3 and 0.2 mg/kg for lead and cadmium, respectively. The high capacity for lead and cadmium bioaccumulation in the edible parts of A. cruentus coupled with the absence of visible phytotoxic symptoms implies a potential danger for humans.
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    The pesticidal potential of Alternanthera brasiliana (L.) O. Kuntze in Solving pest problem in organic agriculture
    (International Society of Organic Agriculture Research, 2014) Fayinminnu, O. O.; Shiro, O. O.
    This study was carried out at the Teaching and Research Farm of University of Ibadan, Nigeria between March and May 2013, to evaluate the pesticidal potential of A. brasiliana on H. recurvalis pest of A. cruentus. There were six treatments of different serial concentration levels of 100, 75, 50 and 25% of A. brasiliana extract, Cypermethrin (1ml/100mls) and control (no insecticide), replicated four times and laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) and applied on A. cruentus at 3 and 5 Weeks After Sowing (WAS). Data collected were on plant height, number of leaves, stem girth, leaf area and fresh weight/yield of A. cruentus and analyzed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA at P = 0.05. Results revealed the presence of saponins, flavonoids, reducing sugar, glycosides and resins as the phytochemical compounds present in A. brasiliana leaf powder. Significant differences (p<0.05) were observed among the treatments in growth and yield parameters of A. cruentus. The pesticidal efficacy of A. brasiliana extract at 100% on H.recurvalis insect pest compared favourably with synthetic cypermethrin and other treated plots in recording highest while control recorded the lowest values in all parameters in the study. This study revealed that A. brasiliana extract could suppress H. recurvalis insect pest and could be used as botanical pesticide in Amaranthus cruentus production in organic farming.