FACULTY OF PHARMACY
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Item Evaluation of Prescription Pattern of Analgesic use Among Ambulatory elderly in Southwestern Nigeria.(Wolters Kluwer - Medknow, 2020) Akande-Sholabi, W.; Agha, C. P.; Olowookere, O. O.; Adebusoye, L.Background: Inappropriate prescribing of analgesics has a global impact on the health of elderly patients and the society. Empirical evidence on the prescription of analgesics among elderly Nigerians is scarce. Objectives: The objective of the study was to evaluate the prescription pattern of analgesics and describe the co-prescribing of gastroprotective agents with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) among elderly patients at the geriatric center, University College Hospital, Ibadan. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional, hospital-based study was carried out among elderly patients(≥60 years) who were prescribed analgesics. Using a data extraction sheet, information on demographic characteristics, drug utilization pattern, and morbidities was obtained from patients’ case files via electronic health records. Results: A total of 337 patients case files were reviewed, the mean age was 72 ± 8.8 years, and 210 (62.3%) were females. There were a total of 2074 medications prescribed, with 733 (35.3%) being analgesics. Majority of the elderly patients(259, 76.9%) were on nonopioids, with 252 (74.8%) on NSAIDs. Paracetamol was the most commonly prescribed analgesics (181, 24.6%), followed by diclofenac/misoprostol (177, 24.1%), opioid analgesic prescribed was 88 (12.0%), with paracetamol/codeine 58 (65.9%), and tramadol 16 (18.2%) being the most prescribed opioid. A significant proportion of the hypertensive elderly patients (160, 78.8%; P < 0.036) were on NSAIDs. The oral route of administration (302, 89.6%) was the most common route of administration. Majority (310, 92%) of elderly patients taking NSAIDs had a co-prescription for gastroprotective agents. Conclusions: Majority of hypertensive patients were on NSAIDs. This calls for prompt awareness of rational analgesic use among the elderly to improve management and their survivalItem Anti-Inflamatory and analgesic activities of securidaca longepedunculata fers (Polygalaceae) leaf and stem bark methanolic extract(2014-09) Alafe, A. O.; Elufioye, T. O.; Faborode, O. S; Moody, J. O.Securidaca longepedunculata Fers (Polygalaceae) is commonly used in many parts of Africa for the treatment of rheumatic conditions, fever, headache and various other inflammatory based diseases. The present study was carried out to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of Securidaca longepedunculata leaf and stem bark methanol extracts using animal model. The anti-inflammatory activity of the methanolic extracts were evaluated using carrageenan induced paw edema in rats while the analgesic activity was determined using acetic acid induced writhing in mice. Both the leaf and stem methanol extracts exhibited anti-inflammatory activity greater than 70% at all doses tested. This activity was dose dependent with the highest being at 800 mg/kg Po and significant at P< 0.05. The analgesic activity of both extract was however below 50%, though comparable with that of aspirin used as the standard. This study has justified the inclusion of Securidaca longepedunculata in remedies used for the management of inflammatory based diseases traditionally.