scholarly works in Crop Protection & Environmental Biology
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Item Evaluation of the Antimicrobial and Phytochemical properties of a herbal preparation(Sciencepub.net, 2012) Oloyede, A. M.; Aduramigba-Modupe, A. O.; Efem I. K.; Ejikeme, CJoloo is a herbal preparation locally used in the management of breast tumour in southwestern Nigeria. This study was conducted to evaluate the antimicrobial and phytochemical properties of the formulation. The organisms implored in this study include Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli (ATCC 12900), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigellia dysenteriae, Proteus vulgari, Yersinia enterocolitica, and Salmonella typhi and fungi (Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma Spp, Rhizopus Spp and colletotrichum gloeosporioides). The antimicrobial screening of Joloo was carried out invitro in three different concentrations (500mg/ml, 1000mg/ml and 1500mg/ml) against standard broad spectrum antibacterial (Amoxicillin) and antifungal (fluconazole) as control using the agar well dilution method. The standard qualitative analysis method was used for the phytochemical screening. The study revealed that Joloo inhibited P.vulgari, Y.enterocolitica, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. dysenteriae and S. typhi with 20, 15, 14, 13, 12, and 10mm respectively. However Klebsiella pneumonia was resistant to the preparation. Joloo also inhibited Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma Spp, and Rhizopus Spp with 14, 8 and 7mm respectively while Colletotrichum gloeosporioides was resistant to Joloo. The MIC observed for all the organisms inhibited was 500mg/ml. Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids, tannins, phlobatannins, cardenolides, flavonoids, phenols and free and bonded anthraquinones. Cyanogenetic glycosides were absent in the formulation. Sequel to these findings, it implies that Joloo is antimicrobial and posses different important constituents that can be beneficial in the development of new drug leads in the fight against pathogenic microbes, thereby justifying its pharmacological claims.Item Influence of Storage methods on ripening and microbial load of `some Musa species(ScienceHub, 2011) Fajinmi, O. B.; Akinyemi, S. O. S; Aduramigba-Modupe, A. O.The effect of two storage methods (jute bag and open shelve) on ripening and microbial load of fruits of three cultivars of Musa (PITA 26, cooking banana and ‘agbagba’ plantain) at different stages of ripening were investigated. There was a significant difference in the fruit ripening rate of the three Musa cultivars kept under the two storage methods. The fruits stored in jute bags ripened within a shorter period of time (8 days for PITA 26 and ‘agbagba’ plantain; 11 days for cooking banana) compared with those put on open shelf in the laboratory (10 days for PITA 26 and ‘agbagba’ plantain; 14 days for cooking banana). There was a continuous increase in microbial (bacterial and fungal) count of fruits as ripening process progressed. The identified isolates were Bacillus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Lactobacillus species, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium, Saccharomyces and Penicillium speciesItem Distribution of yam anthracnose disease in Nigeria(International Society for Tropical Root Crops-African Branch, 2010) Aduramigba-Modupe, A. O.; Odebode, A. C; Asiedu, R.Yam anthracnose disease, characterized by leaf necrosis and shoot die-back, is a major constraint to the cultivation of yam, especially water yam (Dioscorea alata Linn.). Studies were conducted on the distribution of the disease in the major yam growing zones in Nigeria. Yam anthracnose disease was found to be widely distributed in 148 farmers' fields in three agroecologies. The incidence was 52.2% in the southern Guinea savanna, 51.3% in the forest/savanna transition, and 40.3% in the humid forest, with D. alata having the highest severity score followed by D. rotundata. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz) was the pathogen most commonly associated with the symptoms of anthracnose based on isolations from leaf samples collected from the farmers' fields. Fusarium spp., Rhizotonia solani (Kuhn), Botryodiplodia theobromae (Pat), and Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) were also isolated from the infected yam leaves.Item Effect of packaging material on the ripening of mature plantain(Faculty of Science, University of Ibadan, 2011) Aduramigba-Modupe, A. O.; Olaniyi, O; Oyetoran, B. O.Freshly harvested mature plantain (Musa spp. AAB-group) bunches from the field were evaluated in the laboratory to assess the effect of packaging material on its ripening. The bunches were separated into hands and hands one to three were employed in the study. The fruits were subjected to three treatment conditions: (1) exposed on laboratory bench without any packaging, (2) packed in thin black nylon fastened bags, and (3) packed in thick black polythene fastened bags. The set up was arranged in a 3 x 3 factorial randomized complete block design with hand number and packaging materials forming the factors. Response of the fruits was monitored over a period of eighteen days, determined by the number of ripe fruits (i.e. fingers) per hand. At the end of the first week, there was no significant difference in fruit ripening rate while in the second week, the exposed plantain fruits ripened faster than the packaged ones. However, ripening rate for fruits packed in thin polythene bags was significantly higher (P< 0.05) than the unpackaged control and fruits packed in the thick polythene bag. Fruits stored in the thick polythene bags had longer shelf life in the green state, ripened more uniformly and is recommended for commercial bulk processors who would require large quantities of fruits in either the green state or ripened states.Item Antimicrobial Activities of crude ethanolic extract of Xylopia aethiopica(International Journal of Current Research (IJCR), 2011) Oloyede, A. M.; Aduramigba-Modupe, A. O.Crude ethanolic extract of Xylopia aethiopica traditionally used as condiment in food and against bacterial infections, cough and inflammations was evaluated invitro for its antimicrobial activities against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Bacillus aurum, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and a fungus pathogen Candida albicans, so as to justify its medicinal activities and validate its traditional use scientifically. The agar diffusion technique was used to determine the zone of inhibition and the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) respectively. The extract was active against E. coli, S. typhi, Candida albicans, B. aurium with 15mg/ml MIC, though was most active against S .typhi and B. aurum and compared favourably and significantly with ampicillin. X. aethiopica did not show any activity against S. aureus and B. subtilis. This study has provided relevant scientific information for the potential use of X. aethiopica for antimicrobial activities. It therefore suggests that X. aethiopica contain a broad spectrum antibiotic compound, which if properly harnessed can be used in managing an array of pathogensItem Distribution of yam anthracnose disease in Nigeria(International Society for Tropical Root Crops-African Branch, 2010) Aduramigba-Modupe, A. O.; Odebode, A. C; Asiedu, R.Yam anthracnose disease, characterized by leaf necrosis and shoot die-back, is a major constraint to the cultivation of yam, especially water yam (Dioscorea alata Linn.). Studies were conducted on the distribution of the disease in the major yam growing zones in Nigeria. Yam anthracnose disease was found to be widely distributed in 148 farmers' fields in three agroecologies. The incidence was 52.2% in the southern Guinea savanna, 51.3% in the forest/savanna transition, and 40.3% in the humid forest, with D. alata having the highest severity score followed by D. rotundata. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz) was the pathogen most commonly associated with the symptoms of anthracnose based on isolations from leaf samples collected from the farmers' fields. Fusarium spp., Rhizotonia solani (Kuhn), Botryodiplodia theobromae (Pat), and Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) were also isolated from the infected yam leaves.Item Reaction of Dioscorea alata (water yam) to anthracnose disease in Nigeria(WFL Publisher Science and Technology, 2008) Aduramigba-Modupe, A. O.; Asiedu, R.; Odebode, A. C.Anthracnose disease, caused by the pathogen Collectotrichum gloeosporioides Penz., is a serious challenge to the cultivation of Dioscorea alata, a major source of food and income for millions of farm households in the tropics. Five breeder’s lines and eighteen landraces of D. alata from IITA’s germplasm collection were screened in the field in three agroecological zones (southern guinea savanna, derived savannah and the humid forest) of Nigeria for two years. The objective was to study their reactions to anthracnose disease and investigate the influences of environment (E) and genotype x environment (G x E) interactions on these using the Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) model. Environments (E), obtained as location x year combination, genotypes (G) and G x E interactions were highly significant (P<0.01) for severity of anthracnose disease and accounted for 48, 26.2 and 25.8% of the treatment (G x E combination) sum of squares, respectively. Incidence and severity of foliar symptoms were assessed on three occasions during each growing season. The disease was most severe at Umudike in the humid forest, followed by Ibadan (derived savannah) and Mokwa (southern guinea savannah). The severity was also higher in 1999 across all locations than in 2000. TDa 289 and TDa 294 were identified as the most resistant genotypes. TDa 297, TDa 95/00328, TDa 95/00197 and TDa 95/00010 were stable in their reactions to anthracnose disease across the environments. These lines could be useful in breeding for increased and more stable resistance to anthracnose disease in yam breeding programmes.Item Pathogenicity of fungi associated with yam rot disease of Dioscorea alata and their effect on tuber quality(COLPLANT, 2025) Abdulmujib, Y. G.; Aduramigba-Modupe, A. O.Many pathogens have been reported to be associated with tuber rots of yam. These reduce the yield and economic value of the crop. A diagnostic probe, including visual and microscopy parameters, was carried out to determine the pathogenicity of fungi associated with tuber rot in Dioscorea alata and their effect on yam nutritive value. Thirty-two yam tubers were obtained from the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) yam barn in Ibadan. Yam tubers showing various symptoms were selected, and pieces of the diseased portion were taken for isolation using standard procedures. The pathogenicity of the fungal isolates was tested using a tuber inoculation assay. Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Rhizopus stolonifer, and lasiodiplodia theobromae were isolated from rotted yam and they were found to be pathogenic on yam. Aspergillus niger and Lasiodiplodia theobromae were the most pathogenic among the fungi isolates with 49.91 % and 38.2 % tot severity respectively. The proximate analysis result showed an appreciable reduction in the nutritional composition of infected water yam. The percentage of dry matter composition (88.39 %) was lowest in yam tuber infected by Rhizopus sp., this was followed by yam tuber infected by Aspergillus niger. A. niger and L. theobromae also affected the quality and nutrient composition of yam. The study highlights the significant impact of fungal pathogens on tuber rot in Dioscorea alata (water yam), with Aspergillus niger and Lasiodiplodia theobromar being the most pathogenic. This study showed that these fungi are not only responsible for rot in yam tubers but can also cause a significant decrease in the nutritional composition and quality of yam tubers. Therefore, understanding the impact of these pathogens is crucial for developing effective management strategies to protect crop yield and economic value.Item Identification of pathogenic fungi associated with stem rot disease of Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn in nurseries and evaluation of two botanicals in vitro(Faculty of Renewable Natural Resources, University of Ibadan, 2025) Oladipo, A. D.; Aduramigba-Modupe, A. O.; Nwogwugwu, J. O.Cebo pentandra (L.) Game a tree with several purpose and economic benefits, most especially araber and fibre les cuation is creasingly reatened by stem rot disease, prary consed by pathogente fugt This study and to isolate and identify fungal pathogens associated with not decase on C. pedr seedlings and evaluate the output efficacy of ethanol extracts of once laptops and local standard procedures. Pathogenicity screening of the isolates was carried out on C. pentandra seedlings following Kock's postulate. Ethanol extracts of A. leptopus and I trichontha were prepared at varying concentrations (0.25% 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1.0%) and Benlate (chemical fungicide) were tested against the two pathogenic fungal invitro using the poisoned food technique. Five frangal species Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium sp., and Rhizopa sp. were isolated, Pathogenicity tests confirmed C gloeosporioides and F. oxysporum as the primary causal agents of stem rot. Ethanol extract of 1. trichonta (1.0% concentration) exhibited the highest inhibitory effect against C. gloeosporioides and F. oxysporum(82.33% and 78.29%, respectively). These inhibition levels were statistically comparable to those of the chemical fungicide. Ethanol extract of A. leptotus had 66.36% and 63.10% against C. gloeosporioides and Foxysporum, respectively. This study emphasized the potential of botanical extracts as environmentally safe and effective alternatives to synthetic fungicides for managing fungal diseases in forest nurseries.Item Effect of nitrogen application on root rot disease of selected cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) varieties in a moist savanna(Agricultural Society of Nigeria, 2024) Aduramigba-Modupe, A. O.; Adedire, M. O.; Aduramigba-Modupe, V. O.; Oduwaye, O. F.Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is one of the most important root crops in Nigeria; where it is widely cultivated for its calories and usage as raw material for other value-added products. Cassava root rot disease (CRRD) is a widespread and economically significant disease in tropical Africa, contributing substantial yield loss. The screening for resistant varieties to CRRD is therefore imperative to militate against the loss attributed to CRRD. Fifteen pro-vitamin A cassava varieties were investigated for their resistance to root rot disease in this study. The trial was laid as a split plot in randomized complete block design (with two nitrogen (N) rates of 0 and 100 kg/ha) in three replications. The trial was established for two consecutive seasons (2018 and 2019). Variety IBA 980581 had the highest incidence of CRRD (6.39% and 3.99%) in 2018 and 2019 planting seasons, respectively; with percentage disease severity index of 3.62 and 1.99, respectively. IBA 070539 appeared resistant to CRRD, with and without N fertilizer application in both seasons. From our study, N application, influenced the spread and severity of CRRD in pro-vitamin A cassava varieties. Aspergillus species were the most prevalent pathogen associated with infected cassava, while other pathogens included Fusarium, Lasiodiplodia, Botrytis and Rhizopus. Fourteen pro-vitamin A varieties appeared tolerant to CRRD, while IBA 070539 expressed the best performance against CRRD and could be further investigated for the presence of resistant genes, as well as antimicrobial metabolites.