scholarly works in Crop Protection & Environmental Biology
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Item Pathogenicity of fungi associated with yam rot disease of Dioscorea alata and their effect on tuber quality(COLPLANT, 2025) Abdulmujib, Y. G.; Aduramigba-Modupe, A. O.Many pathogens have been reported to be associated with tuber rots of yam. These reduce the yield and economic value of the crop. A diagnostic probe, including visual and microscopy parameters, was carried out to determine the pathogenicity of fungi associated with tuber rot in Dioscorea alata and their effect on yam nutritive value. Thirty-two yam tubers were obtained from the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) yam barn in Ibadan. Yam tubers showing various symptoms were selected, and pieces of the diseased portion were taken for isolation using standard procedures. The pathogenicity of the fungal isolates was tested using a tuber inoculation assay. Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Rhizopus stolonifer, and lasiodiplodia theobromae were isolated from rotted yam and they were found to be pathogenic on yam. Aspergillus niger and Lasiodiplodia theobromae were the most pathogenic among the fungi isolates with 49.91 % and 38.2 % tot severity respectively. The proximate analysis result showed an appreciable reduction in the nutritional composition of infected water yam. The percentage of dry matter composition (88.39 %) was lowest in yam tuber infected by Rhizopus sp., this was followed by yam tuber infected by Aspergillus niger. A. niger and L. theobromae also affected the quality and nutrient composition of yam. The study highlights the significant impact of fungal pathogens on tuber rot in Dioscorea alata (water yam), with Aspergillus niger and Lasiodiplodia theobromar being the most pathogenic. This study showed that these fungi are not only responsible for rot in yam tubers but can also cause a significant decrease in the nutritional composition and quality of yam tubers. Therefore, understanding the impact of these pathogens is crucial for developing effective management strategies to protect crop yield and economic value.Item Identification of pathogenic fungi associated with stem rot disease of Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn in nurseries and evaluation of two botanicals in vitro(Faculty of Renewable Natural Resources, University of Ibadan, 2025) Oladipo, A. D.; Aduramigba-Modupe, A. O.; Nwogwugwu, J. O.Cebo pentandra (L.) Game a tree with several purpose and economic benefits, most especially araber and fibre les cuation is creasingly reatened by stem rot disease, prary consed by pathogente fugt This study and to isolate and identify fungal pathogens associated with not decase on C. pedr seedlings and evaluate the output efficacy of ethanol extracts of once laptops and local standard procedures. Pathogenicity screening of the isolates was carried out on C. pentandra seedlings following Kock's postulate. Ethanol extracts of A. leptopus and I trichontha were prepared at varying concentrations (0.25% 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1.0%) and Benlate (chemical fungicide) were tested against the two pathogenic fungal invitro using the poisoned food technique. Five frangal species Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium sp., and Rhizopa sp. were isolated, Pathogenicity tests confirmed C gloeosporioides and F. oxysporum as the primary causal agents of stem rot. Ethanol extract of 1. trichonta (1.0% concentration) exhibited the highest inhibitory effect against C. gloeosporioides and F. oxysporum(82.33% and 78.29%, respectively). These inhibition levels were statistically comparable to those of the chemical fungicide. Ethanol extract of A. leptotus had 66.36% and 63.10% against C. gloeosporioides and Foxysporum, respectively. This study emphasized the potential of botanical extracts as environmentally safe and effective alternatives to synthetic fungicides for managing fungal diseases in forest nurseries.Item Effect of nitrogen application on root rot disease of selected cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) varieties in a moist savanna(Agricultural Society of Nigeria, 2024) Aduramigba-Modupe, A. O.; Adedire, M. O.; Aduramigba-Modupe, V. O.; Oduwaye, O. F.Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is one of the most important root crops in Nigeria; where it is widely cultivated for its calories and usage as raw material for other value-added products. Cassava root rot disease (CRRD) is a widespread and economically significant disease in tropical Africa, contributing substantial yield loss. The screening for resistant varieties to CRRD is therefore imperative to militate against the loss attributed to CRRD. Fifteen pro-vitamin A cassava varieties were investigated for their resistance to root rot disease in this study. The trial was laid as a split plot in randomized complete block design (with two nitrogen (N) rates of 0 and 100 kg/ha) in three replications. The trial was established for two consecutive seasons (2018 and 2019). Variety IBA 980581 had the highest incidence of CRRD (6.39% and 3.99%) in 2018 and 2019 planting seasons, respectively; with percentage disease severity index of 3.62 and 1.99, respectively. IBA 070539 appeared resistant to CRRD, with and without N fertilizer application in both seasons. From our study, N application, influenced the spread and severity of CRRD in pro-vitamin A cassava varieties. Aspergillus species were the most prevalent pathogen associated with infected cassava, while other pathogens included Fusarium, Lasiodiplodia, Botrytis and Rhizopus. Fourteen pro-vitamin A varieties appeared tolerant to CRRD, while IBA 070539 expressed the best performance against CRRD and could be further investigated for the presence of resistant genes, as well as antimicrobial metabolites.Item Impact of Organic Soil Amendments on Fungal Population and Germination of Maize Seeds in Lead-Contaminated Soil(Nigerian Journal of Ecology, 2024) Aduramigba-Modupe, A. O.; Fajemisin, O. A.; Adejumo, S. A.Proliferation of industrial and other anthropogenic activities has led to an increase in heavy metal contamination of agricultural soil, elevating the risk of heavy metal (especially, lead) toxicity to all life forms. It is therefore imperative to develop effective bioremediation techniques for soil remediation. Cow dung and compost (Tithonia rotundifolia and poultry droppings) were added at 30 t/ha to lead contaminated soil. Abundance of heavy metal associated fungi in the contaminated soil was determined through pour plate isolation method using Potato Dextrose Agar. The effect of lead contamination and soil amendments was also determined on maize seed germination in the laboratory using Petri dishes in three replications. Heterotrophic fungal count in lead-contaminated soil decreased as Pb concentration increases. The abundance of soil associated fungi declined with an increase in lead concentration. It ranged from 3.2 × 103 to 0.00 CFU/mL in soils containing 0.36 g/kg lead and 63.01 g/kg lead, respectively both amended with cow dung. A. fumigatus, A. flavus, A. nudulans, A. tamarii, A. uvarum and A. terreus were the fungi species isolated from contaminated soil samples. A. fumigatus and A. flavus were the most prominent. A. fumigatus was able to survive at 100% concentration of lead amended with compost, 75% lead concentration amended with cow dung, 25% lead concentration amended with cow dung, and 100% lead concentration without amendment. Percentage germination of maize seeds also decreased with higher concentrations of lead in contaminated soil. High percentage germination (81.81 and 80.00) was observed in the control soil, and on 0.36 g/kg lead-contaminated soil, amended with cow dung, respectively. Organic fertilizers could be adopted to develop an efficient, cost-effective, and readily accessible bioremediation strategy for soil remediation, especially for the production of maize.Item Management of Bacterial wilt of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) using calcium-rich soil amendment(HORTSON, 2023) Odesola, D. E.; Aduramigba-Modupe, A. 0The study focused on the management of bacterial will disease in tomato plants caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. Current control methods have limitations, such as environmental and human health risks associated with chemical control. The effect of soil amendment with calcium-rich chicken eggshell powder on disease management was investigated. Bacterial isolates were collected from wilting tomato plants and identified as R. solanacearum. Pathogenicity tests showed that two isolates, along with a reference isolate, caused severe wilting in tomato cultivars. Soil was amended with three levels of chicken eggshell powder at 5, 10 and 15% and two tomato varieties (Beske and Roma VF seedlings were inoculated with the virulent bacterial pathogen and transplanted into soils in 5 kg pots replicated four times. The study found that treating Roma VF tomato seedlings with 5% eggshell powder resulted in the highest seedling vigor, and lower disease incidence compared to other treatments. The findings suggest that chicken eggshell powder can be a cost-effective and environmentally friendly approach for managing bacterial wilt disease, but further research is needed to determine optimal application rates.Item Growth and Yield Response of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) to leaf extracts of Lanatana camara L(ResearchGate, 2022) Sotade, A . A.; Aiyelaagbe, O. O.; Aduramigba-Modupe, A. O.; Akinbuluma, M. D.The tomato is the most important vegetable fruit in Nigeria. Nonetheless, it remains undersupplied because farm yield is limited by climate change, sub-optimal crop management, pest and disease complexes, and insecurity. Plant extracts have been reported to have safe and beneficial effects on crop growth due to their growth regulatory or pesticidal effects. The effects of Lantana camara L. (LC), an invasive weed, on crop growth have not been previously reported in Nigeria. Consequently, this study was undertaken to determine if leaf extracts of LC would have any beneficial effects on the yield of tomatoes. Dried and ground LC leaves were subjected to hydro-distillation and solvent extraction by cold and hot maceration to obtain the essential oil (EO) and methanolic and aqueous extracts, respectively. Tomato plants were potted in 10kg of soil at the crop garden of the Department of Crop Protection and Environmental Biology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. The following treatments (EO, methanol, and aqueous extracts of LC leaves-8 treatments, including control) were applied to tomato cv, Roma VF by spraying or drenching weekly. The treatments were assigned following a randomised complete block design replicated three times. EO spray significantly enhanced the growth and flowering of tomatoes, resulting in a significantly higher fruit yield compared to other extracts. The top three treatments were EO, aqueous drench, and aqueous spray. They resulted in 1821 g. 1245 g, and 1234 g of fruits/plant, respectively, compared with the control (512 g/plant). Conclusively, LC leaf extracts possess beneficial growth regulating effects that can be exploited for increased production of environmentally safe tomato fruits in Nigeria.Item Plant extracts for management of postharvest fungal rot of Carica papaya L(All Africa Horticultural Congress, 2022) Odusola, O. E.; Aduramigba-Modupe, A. O.; Aiyelaagbe, O. O.; Aiyelaagbe, I. O. O.Carica papaya L. is an important tropical fruit crop cultivated for its food, industrial and medicinal applications. However, its production is curtailed by postharvest rot. Due to food safety concerns, application of synthetic fungicides to manage these rots is being de-emphasised, making application of ecofriendly botanicals the next option. There is paucity of information on the best botanicals for control of fungal rot of papaya in southwest Nigeria, hence aqueous extracts of some plants were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity in vitro and in vivo in the management of postharvest rot of pawpaw. Infected pawpaw fruits were collected from a farm and fungi were isolated and identified using standard procedures. Pathogenicity test on healthy pawpaw fruits was done using Koch’s postulates. The effects of aqueous leaf extracts of Morinda lucida, Hyptis suaveolens and Mangifera indica at 5, 7.5, 10, 15 and 20% v/v were evaluated against the identified fungal pathogens in vitro. The extracts were assigned in a completely randomized design. The mycelial growth diameter was measured. Data were analysed by statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) and means were separated using Duncan multiple range test and LSD at 5% probability. Isolates of Lasiodiploidia sp., Phomopsis sp., Rhizopus sp. and Macrophomina sp. caused 36.07 and 47.28% fruit damage, respectively. Mangifera indica leaf extract at 20% (v/v) concentration had highest antimicrobial effects on the pathogens in vitro. It inhibited mycelial growth by over 70%. Consequently, Mangifera indica leaf extract was used for the in vivo phase of the study. It decreased rot severity to 8.97-13.22% in vivo against the four pathogens. Mangifera indica leaf extract was the most effective against fruit rot pathogens of papaya. It is a promising alternative to synthetic fungicides.Item Identification and management of fungi associated with cocoa pod rot disease using plant extracts.(Science Association of Nigeria, 2021) Adelani A. S.; Aduramigba-Modupe, A. O.Cocoa pod rot is one of the major diseases limiting cocoa production in Nigeria. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify fungal pathogens associated with cocoa pod rot disease and to evaluate the efficacy of four botanicals in the in vitro management of the disease. Diseased cocoa pod samples were obtained from Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria (CRIN) Ibadan and farmers’ fields. The isolation of associated fungi pathogens was carried out in the pathology laboratory using standard procedures. Fungicidal properties of four botanicals; Azadiractha indica, Hyptis suaveolens, Mangifera indica, and Moringa oliefera leaf extracts were evaluated against the cocoa mycopathogens; and Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) for the botanicals were determined. Five fungi species were identified, Fusarium oxysporum had the highest frequency of occurrence (52%) while Lasiodiplodia theobromae had the least (4%). The MIC for Hyptis souvelens and ethanol Mangifera indica leaves extracts was 2.5%, while Azadiractha indica aqueous extract had a MIC of 5.0%; Azadiractha indica ethanol extract had 2.5%; aqueous extract of Mangifera indica had no inhibition however,the aqueous extract of Moringa leaf at 2.5% was active against Lasidioplodia theobromae and Aspergillus flavus. Ethanol extract of Hyptis suaveolens and Ethanol Mangifera indica leaf extracts at 2.5% concentration, were effective in mycelia inhibition of all the pathogenic fungi associated wiht cocoa pod rot.Item Organic Agriculture: Pest Management, Potentials, Constraints and Challenges(Ladoke akintola University of Technology, 2020) Alabi, O. Y.; Aduramigba-Modupe, A. O.; Togun, A. O.Item "Assessment of physical and chemical characteristics, heavy metals composition in Awba Dam: Contamination levels in sediment, soil, Amaranthus hybridus (L.) and effluents from different drains in University of Ibadan(Ecological Society of Nigeria, 2023) Ajibola, F. O.; Fayinminnu, O. O."The indiscriminate use of heavy metal-compounded fertilisers and pesticides as well as the release of raw and ill-treated domestic wastewater into water courses poses threats to living organisms in the environment. This study therefore, evaluated the physical and chemical properties and heavy metals contamination levels in water and sediments of Awba dam, University of Ibadan with a view to assessing its quality and suitability for irrigation. Water samples from Upstream, Midstream and Downstream of Awba Dam and three drains containing outflows from areas with anthropogenic activities and solid sediment samples were collected from Awba Dam, while vegetable and soil samples were collected from a nearby farm (200 m away) from the dam. Samples were analysed for physical and chemical parameters (pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical and Chemical Oxygen Demand (BOD, COD)], nitrate and phosphate), and heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Co, Ni and Pb) in the water, sediment, Amaranthus hybridus and soil were determined using standard methods. Data obtained were analysed using ANOVA at p<0.05. Results revealed DO having highest value (3.77 mg/L) at Tech and maximum values of BOD (14.67 mg/L) and COD (57.06 mg/L) were obtained at upstream and these were above the WHO limits. Highest nitrate level (36.45 mg/L) was at Tech and lowest (20.44 mg/L) at downstream. Similarly, phosphate value in all locations ranged from 0.09-0.61 mg/L. All heavy metal levels were in non- detectable quantities in water and Amaranthus hybridus. In sediment, Cr and Co had highest values of 13.67 and 5.33 mg/kg, respectively at upstream and Ni had 12350 mg/kg at midstream, all above the USEPA Sediment Criteria. Also, Ni had the highest value (18811.00 mg/kg) in soil. The chemical oxygen demand in water as well as nickel concentrations in both sediments from Awba Dam and soil were high. Therefore, there is need for regular monitoring of these parameters is recommended."