scholarly works in Crop Protection & Environmental Biology
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://repository.ibadanedu.com/handle/123456789/491
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Item Morpho-physiological responses of cowpea to different time and rates of compost application under water stress(Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Ibadan, 2017) Adejumo, S. A.; Orimolade, D. A.; Olaniyan, B. ODrought and poor soil fertility constitute serious threats to crop production. Water stress reduces crop yield by about 80%. In this study, the effect of Mexican sunflower compost on the morpho-physiological and biochemical responses of cowpea under water stress (100, 50 and 25% field capacity) was investigated. Compost was applied at different rates (10:C1 and 15 t/ha: C2) and at different times (two weeks before (B) and after (A) planting of cowpea seeds as well as repeated application (BA) during one cropping season. Data were collected on growth and yield parameters, chlorophyll and carotenoid content and stomata density. The results showed that although water stress adversely affected cowpea growth and development, soil amendment with compost increased the growth and yield parameters of cowpea. Variations were however observed in the performance of plants treated with compost based on different rates and time of application under different water stress regimes. Application before seed sowing and repeated application after seed sowing resulted in better plant performance compared to the application after seed sowing alone. Cowpea plants grown on soil amended with the higher rate (15t/ha) of compost both before and after seed sowing (C2B+C2A) also showed superiority in all the parameters considered. Cowpea dry matter yields were increased by 98, 110, 153 and 223 % in C1B+C1A, C1B+C2A, C2B+C1A and C2B+C2A compared with control (P<0.05). Chlorophyll content, carotenoid content, and stomata density of cowpea under water stress were also enhanced with compost application. Application of compost both before and after seed sowing enhanced cowpea growth and yield under water stress.Item Degradation of Spent Oil Contaminated Soil Using Fungi from Organic Manure(2019) Fadina, O. O.; Solaja, O; Abiodun, A; Adetoyi, HSoil is the key component of natural ecosystem because environmental sustainability depends largely on a sustainable soil ecosystem. Microbial breakdown of hydrocarbon pollutants is generally a very slow proceed, but it could be optimum biodegradation can only occur if the right environmental condition such as pH, temperature, nutrients and relevant microbial consortia are present, as well as the pollution of petroleum hydrocarbons caused a major change in the physical and chemical properties of the soil. The aim of this study is to determine the total petroleum Hydrocarbon degradative potentials of the intrinsic microbes. Two kilograms (2kg) of soil was thoroughly mixed with 200ml and 400ml of spent oil to give 5% and 10% contamination levels and a set of control was kept at 0%, 10%(w/w) each of the organic manure from poultry litter (PL), Cow dung (CD), and the mixed poultry litter and cow dung (MPLCD) was individually introduced into each spent oil contaminated soil and the rate of biodegradation was monitored for a period of 12 weeks. The percentage of total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) loss was significantly higher in the soil contaminated with MPLCD (40.46%) followed by PL (35.53%) and CD (27.70%) while 32.42% loss only was recorded in the soil contaminated with 10% spent oil and amended with MPLCD while PL was 30.04% and 25.60% for CD. The hydrocarbon-initializing fungi isolated and identified include Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp. The amendment of spent oil contaminated soil with organic manure can significantly enhance the rate of biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbon. These activities can be used to remove or neutralize the contaminants of the soil, by petroleum hydrocarbon