Toxicities of Parkia biglobosa Extract and Dimethoate + Cypermethrin Insecticide on Kidney and Liver of Wistar Rats Fed Treated Okra Fruits.

Abstract

This study evaluated the sub-acute toxicities of Parkia biglobosa aqueous pod husk extract (PAPHE) and Dimethoate + Cypermethrin (D+C) insecticides treated okra fruits (milled) on the kidney and liver of wistar rats. Thirty-two male wistar rats randomly divided into eight experimental groups of four rats each were used for this study. The treatments were animals fed with: Standard Ratio Feed (SRF) + untreated okra (T1), SRF+ 2.5ml D+C okra treated (T2), SRF+5.0 ml D+C okra treated (T3), SRF + 20% PAPHE okra treated (T4), SRF+ 15% PAPHE (T5), SRF+10% PAPHE (T6), SRF+ 5% PAPHE (T7) and SRF only (Control 0%) (T8). Drinking water was given ad libitum for 21 days. Animal groups were sacrificed at the end of the experiment and vital organs were removed. Hematology and serum biochemical assays and histopathological identifications were done using standard procedures. Data were analyzed using ANOVA (p<0.05), while histopathology was examined. Results revealed no significant differences (p>0.05) amongst the treatments with the exception of treatment T5. The STR+15% PAPHE okra treated (T5) revealed highest values of platelets (219x103/μL), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (21.61 g/dL), Globulin (4.57 g/dL), AST (45.67 U/L) and Creatinine (1.13 mg/dL). Treatment T5 was more toxic than the other treatments. Photomicrographs of sections of liver and kidney organs of the wistar rats showed lesions (necrosis) in all the treatments except the control groups fed on SRF and SRF + untreated okra and SRF+ okra treated with 5% PAPHE. As such, the aqueous pod husk extract of P. biglobosa (PAPHE) appeared to be safe for consumption at 5% concentration in agricultural sustainability for food quality and safety.